A common method for controlling a group of parallel converters in decentralized control strategy structure in an island microgrid, the use is the droop-down characteristics of frequency ω-P and voltage E-Q. However, the problem with using this method is that the reactive power is not properly distributed (in proportion to the capacity of the micronutrients) between the micronutrients, which may lead to overload in the converters. Microgrids may also suffer from dynamic stability problems such as power fluctuations, which can be increased by switching between active and reactive power control. To avoid this problem, the X / R ratio of transmission lines is an important parameter that should be carefully considered in the design of micronutrient controllers. By linearizing and simplifying conditions, the control system conversion function model becomes a single input-single output system, which is efficient enough to show the relationship between control parameters such as slope of droop characteristics and derivative sentences, virtual impedance, and voltage controllers. Using this model, stability conditions for different parameters are analyzed. Also, to improve power distribution stability, common droop strategies are modified by adjusting the slope as well as adding nonlinear sentence sections. This approach reduces the coupling between active and reactive power control and reduces the dependence of power distribution on grid parameters such as the X / R ratio. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model, the simulation results in a sample island microgrid in MATLAB software are presented.

Introduction: Salmonella Bacterium is not only a causative factor of typhoid fever, enterocolitis, and salmonellosis, but it is also a zoonotic infection. This bacterium is a major health problem throughout the world, and is especially prevalent in developing countries. Therefore, rapid diagnosis of salmonella can prevent its outbreak. Different techniques are used for the diagnosis of  Salmonella bacteria, such as; culture, biochemical, serological, ELISA, Widal, immunofluorescence and molecular methods like PCR and Real time PCR,all of which are difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. Thus, our study was designed to evaluate the LAMP (LOOP-mediated isothermal DNA amplification method) for detection of salmonella bacteria.Materials & Methods: In this study, we examined 7 different strains of salmonella.  The DNA was extracted by standard methods and amplified with specific primers by PCR and set of primers for LAMP in single temperature in very simple thermal block made in Iran. The amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis and LAMP products were visualized by their turbidity with naked eye.Findings: Conventional PCR method for detection of Salmonella needs standard thermocylcer and takes 3 hours, but using  LAMP method, we were able to amplify and detect salmonella in simple thermoblock, taking much less time. After optimization of the process, it was, soon, possible to detect and identify Salmonella typhi bacteria within 90 minutes. This method is also 10 times more sensitive than that of the PCR.Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, comparing LAMP method for detection and identification of Salmonella with conventional PCR, we have been able to determine the simplicity, speed and the superior sensitivity of the LAMP method. This Method is more simple, faster and cheaper. Non-dependence of cycle's temperature and thermo-cycling and replacement with one thermo block which is very simple, inexpensive and made inside the country, can be considered another advantage of the LAMP method.

Objective The analysis of mitochondrial DNA has been a potent tool in our understanding of evolution, owing to characteristics such as high copy number, apparent lack of recombination, high substitution rate and maternal mode of inheritance. This study aims to carry outgenetic and phylogenetic analysis on the D-LOOP region of the mitochondrial genome in Najdi goats and to evaluate the relations between Najdi goats and other goat breeds available in Iran and around the world. Materials and methods 12 blood samples from unrelated Najdi goats from various areas of Khuzestan Province were collected. After extraction of DNA, a 968 nucleotide fragment of the D-LOOP region of the mitochondrial genome was amplified and sequenced. Then, the fragments were compared to the other breeds submitted in NCBI database. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA6 software. Results The results showed that the Najdi goat breed classified into A Haplogroup and has the lowest genetic distance with the breeds of Chinese and Pakistani goats. The results of genetic variation led to the identification of 20 mutations with 5 Haplotypes in Najdi goat population. Moreover, the haplotype, nucleotide diversities and the average number of pairwise differences were estimated as 0. 727, 0. 009 and 0. 540, respectively; which indicates a high diversity in the Nadji goat. The results obtained from Tajima's D show that in the population of the Najdi goat, a balanced natural selection is going on and the frequency of rare alleles in this population is very low. Conclusions The genetic diversity of Najdi goats has increased over the years, while the number of livestock in Khuzestan province has decreased. The increase in genetic diversity could be due to crossbreed of this breed with Pakistani breeds and so on. The result of these crossbreeding in the near future will be the extinction of Najdi goats, and this issue requires more attention from the authorities.

Introduction: Native animals are part of the national capital and strategic reserves of any country which their diversity is very important. Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in sheep is 16. 58 Kbp. MtDNA has a region named D-LOOP or control region with no coding gene. Rate of nucleotide mutation in this region is 10 times the nucleus DNA. D-LOOP has promotors to regulate mtDNA transcription. This region is consisted of HVR1 and HVR2 sites. As the mtDNA is haploid and no meiosis occurs in it, so D-LOOP region of the mitochondrial genome is a powerful and applicable tool to determine the level of genetic diversity, to study the phylogenetic relationship between the populations and species as well as study the origin and dispersion of animal species. Baluchi sheep breed is one of the important Iranian sheep breeds which has a major role in production of red meat. Due to high strength and resistance to water scarcity it has been able to adapt with hot and dry weather conditions in East and South East of Iran. Due to the high diversity of species and subspecies, the importance of maintaining the purity of native breeds and incomplete information on sheep domestication in Iran, this study was performed to investigate the variation in Baluchi sheep breed and phylogenetic analyzes of mitochondrial D-LOOP region. Material and methods: Blood samples collection was done randomly from 27 non relative sheep which were kept in Animal Breeding center of Northeast of Iran (Abbasabad breeding station). DNA extraction was done using Diatom DNA Prep kit. DNA quality and quantity were checked using 8% agarose gel and spectrophotometer Nano drop ND-200, respectively. Primers were designed using Primer Premier5 software to amplify 1180 bps fragment of D-LOOP region of mitochondrial DNA. Primers specificity was checked in BLASTPrimer of NCBI. To Sequence the amplified region, samples were send to Bioneer Company. To enhance the accuracy of sequencing, each sample was sequenced from both sides. Nucleotide sequences were edited with Chromas Lite 2. 01 software. After proofing the quality of sequences they were reformatted from ab1 to FASTA. Then homology of the sequences with registered sequences of the same gene in NCBI and with the sequences themselves was determined using BLASTN in NCBI database and CLC Main workbench 5. 5 software, respectively. To draw the phylogenetic tree of Baluchi sheep breed, 15 sequences from each 4 haplogroups were identified and along with consensus sequence from samples were used. To draw the phylogenetic tree with 1000 iterations, the Neighbor-Joining method of MEGA5 software was used and to determine the genetic distance the Create Pairwise Comparison procedure of CLC Main workbench 5. 5 software was used. Results and discussion: Eight haplogroups were observed. The frequencies of haplogroups were 7. 40, 7. 40, 14. 81, 11. 11, 18. 51, 14. 81, 11. 11 and 14. 81. Haplogroups 2 and 7 had the highest difference between the nucleotides (10 nucleotides) with 99. 15 percent genetic similarity, and haplogroups 1 and 4 had the highest genetic similarity (99. 83 percent) with 2 nucleotide difference. The present genetic diversity among the 27 samples was estimated 0. 0131± 0. 005. This level of diversity is in the average range of nucleotide diversity which is reported in eukaryotes. The Phylogenetic analysis in this study showed that Baluchi sheep breed is located in the A haplotype. Conclusion: Since the origin of haplotype A is from Asia and Middle East, and according to the results of earlier studies on native Iranian sheep breeds shuch as Moghani, Shal, Sangsari and Afshari it can be concluded that the Baluchi sheep was in the mentioned haplotype therefore the placement of this breed in this haplotype is justifiable.

Background: Recently, the surgical methods are used in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and have been associated with successful results. There are different results in the term of using of the surgical methods for anterior cruciate ligament that often is associated with some complications such as infection, static laxity, remaining the pain, need to recurrence surgery, and limitation in the range of motion. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the fixed LOOP and the adjustable LOOP. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction referred to Kashani Hospital of Isfahan, Iran, from March 2017 to February 2019. Also, this study was approved in the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 30 patients were assigned to a fixed LOOP and 30 patients under the adjustable LOOP method. Postoperative outcomes were compared with the fixed LOOP group and the adjustable LOOP group. Results: The frequency of static laxity below 8 mm in the fixed LOOP group was 83. 3% and the frequency of static laxity below 8 mm in the adjustable LOOP was 76. 7%. There was no significant difference between the fixed LOOP group and the adjustable LOOP group based on static laxity. Also, no infection was seen in the fixed LOOP group and the adjustable LOOP group. There was no significant difference between the fixed LOOP group and the adjustable LOOP group in terms of range of motion and knee score before and after surgery. After surgery, 96. 7% of the fixed LOOP group and 86. 7% of the adjustable LOOP group returned to normal activity. There was no significant difference between the fixed LOOP group and the adjustable LOOP group in terms of return to normal activity and satisfaction. Conclusion: Using the fixed LOOP is effective, useful, and with low-complication for the patients with anterior cruciate ligament and also using the adjustable LOOP grafts is effective, useful, and with low-complication for the patients with the anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

One of the main components of competition in the current competitive environment is supply chain; therefore, organizations need to have a reliable supply chain to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, due to the increase in environmental pollution and the requirements imposed by the governments to harness polluting activities, organizations are obliged to follow green supply chain practices that account for environmental considerations along with economic aspects. hence, in this study, a bi-objective model for a green, closed-LOOP supply chain under demand uncertainty is proposed which takes into account environmental consideration and economic aspects. Another important aspect of the supply chain network design is the concept of uncertainty. Due to societal and political evolutions and the scarcity of raw materials in the decision-making horizon, uncertainty is a significant measure in the models of supply chain. Indeed, in this study, the model was developed for a supply chain under uncertainty so that more compatibility with real-world conditions would be achieved. The results show that considering uncertainties makes the model more flexible. The advancement of technology and unpredictable behaviors of customers in markets have created a very complex competitive atmosphere. To evaluate the performance of the developed model, the case study of the Iran Transfo Company is considered.

Deiverting ileostomy was initially introduced and used by Turnbull and Weakley to provide fecal diversion in patients with toxic megacolon. Traditionally, transverse colostomy has been the preferred method for temporary proximal diversion in patients with colonic obstruction. However, recently, diverting ileostomy has been popularized for proximal diversion, mainly for lack of an offensive odor of the ileostomy effluent compared with fecal material from a colostomy. We have used diverting ileostomy routinely for protection of ileorectal anastomoses, especially when tension exists at the site of anastomoses or for those patients who have been on steroids.